reLAKSation 114.

Young gUns: The UK's Sea Fish Industry Authority has been investigating what influences children's consumption of fish and seafood. According to IntraFish the study was intended to provide SeaFish with an understanding of the decisions and factors affecting children's food choices.

The key finding was that children's food orientation is influenced by the attitudes and behaviour of their parents. Should we really be surprised? Of course parental influence will dominate children's behaviour as they grow up, that is until they strive to gain some independence and then they usually act in an opposite way to that expected by their parents. This emulation of parental behaviour must be of concern to seafood producers because the clear trend is that most consumers under the age of 45, the typical age group of parents of younger children, do not choose to eat seafood themselves. If their children emulate their behaviour, then they too will have very low seafood consumption. This does not paint a very promising future for the seafood industry.

The SeaFish researchers were more optimistic and found that the key strengths of fish identified by many mothers were taste, light texture and that it is understood that fish is good for you. By comparison, these mothers thought that their children would be deterred by the presence of bones, lack of cooking skill i.e., that the fish would be plain and the perceived taste and smell, exactly, the same barriers to consumption that the parents might declare.

The research advised a number of action points. The main one was that an integrated and interactive approach to primary school children was likely to be the most effective way of encouraging fish consumption, with 8 to 11 year old being the optimum age group. In response to these findings, SeaFish is planning to adapt it's educational programme to include amongst other initiatives the launch of a series of cartoon led promotions featuring characters like Mac(kerel) the computer geek. We are not convinced because SeaFish has run similar promotions in the past. Instead, we share a view with top celebrity chef; Anthony Worral Thompson that the only way to persuade youngsters to eat healthy and nutritious food like fish is to introduce compulsory school meals of this type. Otherwise, school kids will simply spend their money on the type of junk food that they seem to prefer.

However, perhaps it's not all bad news. The Independent. newspaper run a daily feature called The Ten Best. This can look at anything at all from holidays to books, to fashion to food. Recently, it offered the ten best Halloween recipes for children. The list was rather surprising for included amongst recipes like Heavenly burgers, Easy Bolognese sauce, Teddy Bear fairy cakes and Traffic light lollies was Honey and Soy salmon skewers, not an immediately obvious choice. The recipe itself was simple enough. Cut 300g of salmon fillet into cubes. Marinate the salmon for 30 minutes in a mix of a tablespoon of honey, a tablespoon of soy and a tablespoon of sesame oil. Thread onto pre-soaked wooden skewers and put on a hot grill for 2 to 3 minutes each side.

Maybe we should be encouraged that at least there are efforts to persuade the future generations to try fish and seafood so that our industry can also have a future.

The race is on: Kontali Analyse have told IntraFish that Norway will set a new world record for salmon production this year. Lars Liabo estimates that together with trout, Norway will slaughter about 580,000 tonnes during 2003. This is about 100,000 tonnes higher than the previous highest harvest carried out by Chile in 2001. According to IntraFish, Norwegian farmers then criticised the Chilean industry for over-producing. Clearly, this was not the case, as output continues to rise.

This current Norwegian harvest is expected to be the peak as some of the fish now being harvested are part of the reserves for next year. This excessive slaughter is being blamed on the banks in an attempt to recover some of their losses.

Mr Liabo is unable to place a figure on Chile’s expected growth but he believes that this year, the harvest will be similar to that in Norway, but then Chile is projected to surge ahead and displace Norway as number one producing nation.

We, at Callander McDowell, believe that this focus on production volumes is irrelevant. Salmon farming is not a race; it is a commercial venture in which profitability not volume is important. Whilst we believe that salmon farming has the capacity to become a major source of fish protein to the marketplace, it does not have to be this week or even next year. What is important is that the salmon industry is profitable otherwise despite the huge scale of production; it may not have a sustainable future. The marketplace will look to other suppliers if production is interrupted because farms are no longer commercially viable. The emphasis must move away from production to profitability, in much the same way that the salmon industry needs to adopt more market-led strategies rather than rely on those, which are more production-led.

Does it matter that Norway is no longer the number one salmon producing nation. Of course it does not. This is a global industry working in a global market. National production is largely irrelevant scale wise. After all’ Norway would be expected to produce more than Scotland because it has more potential sites. Chile has an even greater capacity so production is inevitably going to exceed production elsewhere. Yet much more importantly, the global marketplace exceeds the capacity of Chile and Norway both together. The salmon industry should concentrate on supplying this market and doing so whilst it continues to make profits. 

Will the last one out turn off the lights?:  Discussions continue as to whether the lack of investment threatens to strangle the fledgling cod farming industry. IntraFish interviewed Alistair Barge, Chairman of the British Marine Finfish Association, who said that unless there is some help soon, the lights will go out before they even get started with such new species.

However, we, at Callander McDowell, wonder whether it is the new industry itself, which is stifling development rather than any lack of support from authorities and other organisations. This is because the new marine fish farming industry appears to lack any real direction. This is because it is unclear whether the move to cod farming is for real commercial reasons or as an attempt to help beleaguered salmon farmers overcome ongoing low salmon prices and the accompanying reduced profitability.

It was not long after salmon prices first collapsed that agencies, such as Highlands & Islands Enterprise, suggested that salmon farmers should diversify production into other species to ease the pressure on farm incomes. This is why there were renewed efforts to commercialise cod and haddock farming.

Yet, it is likely that any investors and financiers would only be interested in cod farming if were a sound commercial business, not because it might be considered to be a panacea for the problems of the salmon farming industry. Equally, potential investors are likely to be deterred exactly because of the problems of the salmon industry. If salmon farmers have experienced difficulties in maintaining profitability, then is cod farming going to suffer the same problems. Investors could be right to be wary.

However, if the move to cod farming is based on a viable commercial proposal, then potential investors are more likely to be convinced to stump up the necessary finance. Perhaps, this has yet to be proven.

We, at Callander McDowell, accept that the new cod industry is most likely to develop out of the existing aquaculture industry, but it does not make sense to seek alternatives just because of the current state of the salmon farming industry. Salmon farmers need to address the problems first and improve their profitability. Once incomes improve, salmon farmers can then invest in these new opportunities in the knowledge that they can overcome any similar problems with cod. Most importantly, they will be able to invest in cod and other marine fish simply because it is a sound commercial decision.

Until then, the switch for those lights could well be in either the on or off position.        

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